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Part of the unburned soil was heated in a muffle at 300 °C (heated soil treatment).
In addition, soil heating increased the electrical conductivity (EC) and decreased the sodium adsorption ratio in the heated soil solution in the first rainstorm.
The laboratory, known as the Viking biology instrument package, was placed on the planet's surface, where it heated soil samples, studied the resulting gases and relayed the findings from the scene.
The CaCO3 content in the heated soil was significantly higher than in the unburned and direct fire soils.
These processes limited clay dispersion and seal formation in the heated soil, leading to high IR values and low runoff and soil loss.
The organic matter, clay, and sand content, and cation exchange capacity were significantly lower in the heated soil than in the unburned soil.
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Experiments performed here also suggest a synergistic effect between fire and rain whereby heated soils are more vulnerable to the erosive power of raindrop impacts.
We examined the potential of reflectance spectroscopy across the VIS-NIR SWIR spectral region to identify, ex post facto, the thermal processes that occur in heated soils and minerals, and thus to monitor mineral changes in the soil.
Hot water from such sources also is used for heating soil to increase crop production (e.g., in Oregon) and for seasoning lumber (e.g., in parts of New Zealand).
But none of it made it past a screen and into the tiny chamber, one of eight on the craft designed to heat soil and test gasses for signs of water or organic compounds that could be building blocks for life.
Soil organic matter was estimated by measuring total carbon, which was determined by heating soil in a stream of high purity oxygen in a Leco furnace to produce CO2 and measuring this with an infrared detector.
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