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To achieve an amplification reaction in the shortest time possible with economical equipment, PCR reactions were carried out with Phire Hot Start DNA Polymerase (Finnzymes) and a PIKO Thermal cycler (Finnzymes, Espoo, Finland) using extra thin vessels that allow an increase in heat transfer speed.
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Smaller size capsules would provide higher heat transfer speeds [50].
In contrast, the present model proposes a faster heat transfer velocity at the same order as the speed of sound, rooted in a modified kinetic principle.
Therefore, the relationship between convective heat transfer and air speed is essential to understand the effects of the airflow speed manipulation, and consequently, the optimal design and control of a ventilation system.
Body heat loss in the swimmer primarily occurs through convection from the interface of the skin and water that is proportional to speed (heat transfer coefficient) and the temperature difference between the skin and water [110].
In order to satisfy the conservation of total enthalpy, which is crucial in predicting surface heat transfer rate in high-speed steady flows, an analysis of dissipation mechanism in the energy equation is carried out to find out the error source and to make the proposed scheme preserve total enthalpy.
The results would be helpful for designing the ventilation and heat transfer equipment used in high speed train.
Performance variations with changes in sump heater power, condenser and evaporator heat transfer fluid flow, and compressor speed were examined.
Analyses are made for skin friction, heat transfer and for the flow speed's various natural parameters by using the well-known analytical method HAM.
Thus the heat transfer characteristics of the high-speed train brake discs are the basic information needed to design them.
This study adopts a versatile superposition method and least-square estimators with thermal resistance network analysis to design and experiment their geometry and heat transfer effects under different fan speeds and heat source areas.
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