Total RNA was isolated from heart tissue using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, Venlo, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's protocol.
Total RNA was extracted from homogenised heart tissue using the SV total RNA isolation kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Total RNA was isolated from heart tissue using the TRIzol isolation method according to the manufacturer's protocol (15996 026, Invirtrogen, USA).
We confirmed the effectiveness of the DDVP exposure by measuring cholinesterase (ChE) activity in extracts from brain and heart tissue using the Ellman method; heart ChE activity is considered to result chiefly from the presence of residual blood in the organ [ 29].
These marks were profiled recently in liver and heart tissues using a statistical design that revealed quantitative differences in 7 16% of the regions tested [ 13].
Total RNA was isolated from mice heart tissues using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen).
Real-time qPCR of dystrophin in 12 affected and 12 unaffected heart tissues using primers in exons 4 and 6 showed no difference in dystrophin mRNA abundance (1.22 ± 0.313 vs. 1.42 ± 0.34 fold, p = 0.677, respectively).
Total RNA was isolated from approximately 100 mg of proximal forelimb or heart tissue using TRIzol® (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturers instructions.
Total RNA, extracted from liver, heart and kidney tissues, using the PureLink Micro-to-Midi total RNA purification kit (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA), was reverse transcribed, using the SuperScript III First-Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA, USA) and oligonucleotide primer (OSM55, 5'-TAGTAGTAGACTCC-3') designed from the conserved 5'-end of the S, M and L segments of hantaviruses.
Furthermore, total RNA was isolated from frozen brain, heart and liver tissues using the miRNeasy Mini Kit protocol (Qiagen, Canada) with no modifications.
