Since the acquisition of the first H-MRS spectrum of an intact (perfused) rat heart in 1984 [ 12], it took 10 more years until the first human heart spectra were published [ 13].
Although, both types are part of the heart failure spectrum, the treatment is different.
Nevertheless, HFpEF is part of the heart failure spectrum, and has nearly as poor a prognosis as HFrEF.
First, our cohort represents the extreme end-stage of the heart failure spectrum, in comparison with others studies with largely NYHA II III patients.
Fig. 3B compares the beef heart CuA spectrum with that reported for isolated subunit II (CuA-containing) from Thermus thermophilus [43].
Inside the conference, Freescale's technology is the basis for lie detectors that monitor skin response and heart rate, audio spectrum analyzers that become "girl detectors," and more deviously a "blue box" for emulating a telephone operator's dialing console.
The heart rate variability spectrum will be computed with the non-parametric fast Fourier transform method.
Frequency domain measures included the power of the low frequency component (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and the high frequency component (HF; 0.15-0.4 Hz), as well as the ratio of the two components of the heart period power spectrum (LF/HF ratio).
It was subsequently used to document the contributions of the sympathetic, parasympathetic and renin angiotensin systems to the heart rate power spectrum, which introduced frequency domain analysis as a sensitive, quantitative and noninvasive means for evaluating the integrity of cardiovascular control systems [ 36].
LF nu and HF nu denote the energy in the heart period power spectrum between 0.04 and 0.15 Hz (which is due to the joint action of the vagal and sympathetic components on the heart, with a predominance of the sympathetic ones) and 0.15 and 0.40 Hz (which corresponds to the respiratory modulation and is an indicator of the performance of the vagus nerve on the heart), respectively.
Both neurally intact animals and those with right stellate ganglionectomy had equivalent increases of activity in the low frequency region of heart rate variability spectra during hypoxic stimulation.
