The theoretical milling dose that correlates well with its experimental analog was found to depend on the head-on impact energy dissipation rate.
The way our head and neck are positioned during a head-on impact may significantly affect the risk of concussion – but tensed up neck muscles seem to offer far less protection.
Contraposing to three common uses of foundations (monopile, tripod, and jacket) of offshore wind turbines, this study is devoted to probe and compare the anti-impact performance due to a head-on impact by ships.
In a head-on impact, the fenders, hood and suspension all fold up, helping to disperse the forces; the flanks of a vehicle offer far less vehicle structure -- only the thickness of a door -- to absorb the energy of a crash.
An associated development dating from the end of the 12th century was the incorporation of a rigid backplate into knightly armour; this, backed with several inches of padding, braced the man-at-arms against the shock of head-on impact and protected his kidneys from the cantle.
Based on the best identified relationships, and with assumption of equal mass and vehicle speeds, right--angle and head-on impact speeds of approximately 30 km/h are likely to produce MASI3+ injury probability of approximately 10%, considered a critical threshold in Safe System discussions.
