Another proactive hierarchical routing protocol is the "Cluster-head gateway switch routing" protocol, CGSR[15], where nodes are also grouped into clusters.
In this section, we present re-scheduling of cluster heads, gateways, and sensing nodes to prolong the network lifetime.
This ACDA is a randomized distributed algorithm having four phases: phase I: determining the active sensing sectors, phase II: choosing the communication sectors and cluster heads, phase III: selecting the gateways, and phase IV: renewing the cluster head and gateway.
The ACDA uses random waiting time in selecting the cluster head and gateway.
Generally, a clustered ad hoc network consists of three kinds of nodes: cluster head nodes, gateway nodes, and ordinary nodes.
Besides, the authors of [28] do not consider the residual energy for selecting the cluster head and gateway.
In renewing of the cluster head and gateway, the cluster members select their waiting time and start passing messages.
The efficient selection of the communication sectors and the rescheduling mechanism of the cluster head and gateway nodes increase the performance of our proposed algorithm.
Cluster head and gateway node forwards (manage) the message for cluster member, so power consumption of such nodes is higher compared to cluster member nodes.
However, we provide a better algorithm which will consider the residual energy of the sensor and distance from the sink to calculate the cluster head and gateway in directional sensor networks.
Each cluster is composed of a cluster head, several gateways, and ordinary sensors.
