Abraham H. Maslow (1908-1970) was a developmental psychologist who pioneered the idea of a hierarchy of human needs, which he characterized in terms of a multilayered pyramid.
Facing deep financial problems in his third term, Mr. Bloomberg has said the payments, which he characterized in his State of the City address last month as "substantial holiday bonuses," should be eliminated.
Mr. Bush was pitching more than the importance of the tax cut, which he characterized in Iowa as "a monumental legislative achievement" comparable to the broad tax cut that President Ronald Reagan signed 20 years ago and another that President John F. Kennedy signed 20 years before that.
Completing this distinction, the 18th-century philosopher Immanuel Kant replaced the doctrine of innate ideas with questions about a priori concepts, which he characterized in terms not of their origin but of their necessity as conditions of human experience of an objective world.
Utility he characterized in this way: "Let the questions of the uses of life, then, be put in this shape: To what ascertainable form or phase of life is this or that other form or phase of life valuable or serviceable?" (L 274 75).
He had to defend the colony against those who were opposed to the reintroduction of the old rule, who he characterized in reports to London as malcontents and strangers stirring up trouble.
By 2010 and 2011 the underlying focus of each SOTU was on Washington gridlock, with the solution understood as a return to genuine bipartisanship The president spoke in 2011 of "the numbing weight of our politics" and of "the stalemate between left and right," a stalemate he characterized in 2012 as "a fiasco".
He characterizes wonder in ways reminiscent of Descartes: it involves no judgment evaluating our relation to the object, and it doesn't dispose the body towards action, since it produces no agitation in the nerves leading to the heart.
In the Discourse on the Origins of Inequality, for example, he characterizes animal species in essentially Cartesian terms, as mechanisms programmed to a fixed pattern of behavior.
