In these cases, the reduction in ground-fault currents can result in significantly less hazard derived from mechanical stress on power apparatus.
Where up scaling of conventional volcanic ash dispersal modelling techniques would be computationally intensive and time consuming, ALPEs can be used to emulate generalised volcanic ash hazard (derived from dispersal models) for any given event(s) at any location(s), from any volcanic source of interest as a function of distance of the site from each source.
The gas is a highly salient threat in communities surrounding Masaya volcano, with the elevated salience level of his invisible hazard deriving from the highly perceptible impacts of the degassing; these include individual and material impacts such as increased prevalence of self-reported respiratory disease and decreased crop diversification and productivity.
Hazard ratios derived from proportional hazards models were used as the estimator of relative risk (RR) of the effect of serum selenium divided into tertiles, smoking habits, and SNPs.
For the bivariate analyses of associations with mortality we report the cumulative mortality by exposure level for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle and other chronic disease risk factors, and health status (diagnoses, impairments and health related quality of life) with crude hazard ratios derived from Cox proportional hazard regression and logrank tests for statistical significance.
Adjusted hazard ratios derived from Cox's proportional hazards model and adjusted conditional survival curves were presented.
Table 3 shows adjusted hazard ratios derived from multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with sex, current age (<50, 50 50, and 60+ years), and previous alcohol-related admission as covariates.
Relative risk for death and the associated 95percentt confidence intervals were calculated as hazard ratios derived from a Cox proportional-hazards regression model.
To evaluate the effect of different levels of blood glucose concentration on mortality, relative risks and 95percentt confidence intervals were calculated as hazard ratios derived from the Cox proportional-hazards regression model.
