hazard ratio

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "hazard ratio" is correct and usable in written English. You can use it in contexts related to statistics, epidemiology, or clinical research to compare the risk of an event occurring in two different groups. For example, "The study found a hazard ratio of 1.5, indicating a 50% higher risk of the event in the treatment group compared to the control group." Alternative expressions include "risk ratio" and "relative risk."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

59 human-written examples

Hazard ratio.

Injury Epidemiology

Adjusted hazard ratio.

Injury Epidemiology

sub-distribution hazard ratio.

Annals of Intensive Care

HR hazard ratio.

Clinical and Translational Medicine

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Injury Epidemiology

aExponentiated coefficients, representing the hazard ratio.

International Journal of Bipolar Disorders

SE Hazard ratio 95% CI of the hazard ratio P value Coef.

Annals of Intensive Care

Hypertension was associated with the greatest hazard ratio at 2.93.

Plosone

VE was defined as one minus the hazard ratio.

Plosone

aCrude hazard ratio.

Arthritis Research and Therapy

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

1 human-written examples

Note: SHR = Sub-Hazard ratio.

BMC Cancer

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When reporting a "hazard ratio", always include the confidence interval and p-value to provide a complete picture of the statistical significance and precision of the estimate. This helps readers interpret the results accurately.

Common error

Avoid interpreting a "hazard ratio" as an absolute risk reduction. A hazard ratio indicates the relative difference in event rates between groups, but does not directly tell you the absolute probability of an event occurring.

Linguistic Context

The phrase "hazard ratio" functions as a statistical term used to quantify the relative risk of an event over time between two groups. As Ludwig AI illustrates, it's prevalent in scientific and medical research to compare treatment outcomes.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

90%

Formal & Business

5%

News & Media

3%

Less common in

Academia

1%

Encyclopedias

0%

Reference

1%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, the phrase "hazard ratio" is a statistically sound and frequently employed term in scientific and medical research. As Ludwig AI confirms, it's used to compare the rates at which events occur in different groups, particularly in time-to-event analyses. Its primary function is to quantify relative risk, and it's typically found in formal, scientific contexts. For best practice, always report the confidence interval and p-value alongside the "hazard ratio" to provide a complete understanding of the statistical findings. Remember that it describes the relative difference not the absolute risk, and it is mostly common in science.

More alternative expressions

Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:

Risk ratio

Refers to the ratio of the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group to the probability of it occurring in an unexposed group.

Relative risk

Quantifies the risk of an event happening in one group versus another, similar to hazard ratio but often used in different statistical contexts.

Mortality rate ratio

Specifically focuses on the ratio of mortality rates between two groups, often in the context of survival analysis.

Incidence rate ratio

Compares the incidence rates of an event between two groups, indicating how much more or less frequent the event is in one group compared to the other.

Rate ratio

A general term for comparing rates of events between groups, which can be applied in various contexts including disease incidence and mortality.

Survival rate difference

Focuses on the difference in survival rates between two groups, providing a direct measure of the impact on survival.

Event rate comparison

A broad term indicating the comparison of event rates between different groups or conditions.

Risk estimate

A more general term for quantifying risk, which may or may not be expressed as a ratio.

Proportional hazards

Refers to the assumption underlying the Cox proportional hazards model, which is often used to estimate hazard ratios.

Odds ratio

Measures the association between an exposure and an outcome; while related, it is calculated differently and interpreted in terms of odds rather than rates.

FAQs

How do I interpret a "hazard ratio"?

A "hazard ratio" compares the rate at which events happen in a treatment group versus a control group. A hazard ratio of 1 means there is no difference between groups. A hazard ratio greater than 1 suggests a higher hazard in the treatment group, while a hazard ratio less than 1 suggests a lower hazard.

What's the difference between "hazard ratio" and "risk ratio"?

While both measure relative risk, the "hazard ratio" is specific to time-to-event data (survival analysis) and estimates the relative rate of an event occurring at any given time. A "risk ratio", on the other hand, compares the cumulative incidence of an event over a specific period.

Is a higher "hazard ratio" always worse?

It depends on the context. In studies looking at detrimental outcomes, a higher "hazard ratio" typically indicates a greater risk of that outcome. However, in studies of beneficial interventions, a higher hazard ratio for a positive outcome (e.g., recovery) would be desirable.

What are some common synonyms for "hazard ratio"?

While not exact synonyms, related terms include "relative risk", incidence rate ratio, and mortality rate ratio. The best term to use depends on the specific statistical context and type of data being analyzed.