Three studies [ 20, 31, 32] reported two or more different intervention groups of which one intervention group from a factorial study [ 32] did not include an exercise component but included home hazard interventions and vision improvement.
Studies of well-conducted renovation activities show that although lead hazard interventions reduce most children's BLLs, about 10% of the time BLLs significantly increased (CDC 1997; Clark et al. 2004); young children (< 18 months of age) are at highest risk of increases.
In a smaller follow-up study, dust lead levels remained between 11% and 75% lower than baseline levels for 6 years following lead-based paint hazard intervention (Wilson J, Pivetz T, Ashley P, Jacobs D, Strauss W, Menkedick J, et al., unpublished data).
Monitoring - defined as "surveillance based on collection and periodic analysis and interpretation of information to characterise the occurrence and distribution of a particular health-related event, including disease and injury cases, health states, health hazards, interventions, and determinants".
The prescribed treatment will target six specific treatment modalities: falls education, exercise intervention, home hazards intervention, cardiovascular intervention, visual intervention, and medication review.
NICE concluded that individualised multi-factorial interventions should include interventions on strength and balance training, home-hazard intervention, modification or withdrawal of medications, and referral for correction of visual defects as appropriate.
We conducted a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials of low-cost, lead hazard control interventions to determine the effect of lead hazard control on children's blood lead concentration.
Two areas appeared to have a comprehensive set of established systems covering diseases, hazards, and interventions.
We present results as hazard ratios (intervention:control) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals and P values.
The longitudinal study included an embedded randomized control trial of a lead hazard reduction intervention and injury hazard reduction control.
It can also be difficult to categorise some surveillance systems into separate disease, hazard and intervention areas.
