We find natural hazards, climate variability, accessibility, extractive industries, food security and water scarcity are interlinked as big drivers of change in the landscape.
Although human settlements have always been threatened by various types of risks and hazards, climate change is expected to exacerbate the intensity and frequency of many of these hazards.
With the aim of characterizing the influence on the environment of the different factors of natural hazards, climate changes, and human activities, we drilled a 4-m long sediment core in a swamp close to the La Tolita site.
We do this through child-centred risk assessments that incorporate natural hazards, climate change and conflict sensitivity.
Flooding and erosion after wildfires present increasing hazard as climate warms, semi-arid lands become drier, population increases, and the urban interface encroaches farther into wildlands.
Secondly, we show how an assessment and planning approach, designed to address uncertainty and change (the Dynamic Adaptive Policy Pathways (DAPP) planning approach), has been integrated into national guidance for coastal hazard and climate change decision-making in New Zealand.
Climate mitigation is any action taken to permanently reduce or eliminate the long-term risk and hazards of climate change.
What holds for our case study in Germany can be transferred to other regions, as forest management offers a wide range of instruments suitable to reduce the long-term risk and hazards of climate change to managed forests.
In the same line, a study by Asrat and Simane (2017b) implied that farmers invest in adaptation measures in plots where they expect more risk from climate hazards.
As applied to coastal hazards and climate change adaptation, we expect that resilience encompasses more system complexities than a traditional vulnerability or hazards approach.
Already, at least 90% of disasters linked to natural hazards are climate related.
