This finding has implications for fuel design, hazard assessment, process safety design, and process safety operation.
The derived system scenarios are a fundamental prerequisite to assure quality throughout the hazard assessment process and to provide a coherent problem setting for risk assessment.
The availability of this wealth of new toxicological data, together with the promotion of REACH of in silico methods, appoints medicinal chemists to a leading role in the regulatory hazard assessment process.
The incorporation of appropriate surrogate species and biomarkers of chronic toxicity into standard toxicity characterizations is proposed as a means of significantly refining the ecological hazard assessment process.
These tools can streamline the hazard assessment process by simulating possible modes of action and providing virtual screening tools that can help prioritize bioassay requirements.
In a near future the development and the implementation of highly powerful QSAR may offer an invaluable insight in various stages of the hazard and risk assessment processes.
The widespread use of omics technologies will also bring about increasing demands on the regulatory community in terms of training of regulatory personnel in areas such as potential applications; data QC, analysis, and interpretation; statistical analysis; limitations of the technology; and how the information might be incorporated into safety, hazard, and risk assessment processes.
To frame discussions in terms of implications for hazard identification and risk assessment processes, the case studies explored the following questions: What are the precursor effects or other early biological changes linked to the case study outcome?
In any case, we agree with Giddabasappa et al. (2011) that their findings, as ours, raise complex issue for toxicologists, pediatricians, public health regulators, and risk assessors who need to incorporate the occurrence of such U-shaped dose responses in the hazard and risk assessment process.
Hazard identification, the first stage of the risk assessment process, investigates the potential hazard a substance can illicit in humans (NRC 1983).
