A more accurate estimate is obtained if one calculates the nucleotide contents at the sites that have undergone substitution, as we have done in this study.
Among the 1,661,332 positions analyzed, 141,935 and 147,492 sites have undergone substitution in the lineages of C. albicans and of C. dubliniensis, respectively, since their divergence.
However, an alternative hypothesis suggests that CYB sequences have undergone substitution saturation throughout the course of speciation events, leading to a loss of the original phylogenetic signal, and producing a soft-polytomy [ 27].
The fact that Taf1's function corresponds to what is described for most of the genes involved in hybrid male sterility may, per se, suggest this as a plausible candidate gene for factor 1. Across the Drosophila phylogeny, agt has undergone substitutions more often than other functional genes in the candidate region we mapped.
A subset of human non-protein-coding genomic sites that could be unambiguously labeled as having undergone a substitution along the human branch since the human chimp ancestry were identified.
Nevertheless, the fact that the subjects in the cohort studied here still displayed substitution patterns, despite having undergone a moderately aggressive training programme under the supervision of physiotherapists for at least 4 months, may suggest that substitution patterns are not easily corrected, even with focussed training, and that they do not disappear over a period of 2-5 years.
As sister groups by definition has the same age, either the short branch has undergone a substitution rate decrease or vice versa.
Pairs of positions with high MI scores are those that have undergone correlated substitution events.
Furthermore, 3 of the 6 S-LAPs in Cluster I have undergone a substitution at Lys339 which is essential for enzymatic activity [ 41].
In total, 307 septic DIC patients who had AT activity less than 40% and who had undergone AT substitution at a dose of either 1,500 IU/day or 3,000 IU/day for three consecutive days were analyzed.
The study by Richardson et al. revealed that the PLIN4 3' UTR has undergone nucleotide substitution allowing the binding of miR-522 for human individuals with A but not G allele.
