Several federal and state agencies across the country are conducting a widespread investigation to find out when Mr. Kwiatkowski was first infected, how exactly he might have transmitted the disease to others and to whom he might have transmitted it; testing is under way in some of the other states where he worked.
But Dr. Riegner had also given his message to British diplomats in Geneva, and they had transmitted it to the British Foreign Office, which passed the news to Samuel Sidney Silverman, a member of Parliament and the head of the British section of the World Jewish Congress.
Infected humans could also have transmitted it to the camels, and other animals may also be involved.
The faster the messages could be broken, the fresher the intelligence that they contained, and on at least one occasion an intercepted Enigma message's English translation was being read at the British Admiralty less than 15 minutes after the Germans had transmitted it.
Ebola is transmitted from wild animals to humans, and the World Health Organization says that fruit bats are one of the species that may have transmitted it to humans in West Africa.
Retrospective studies can be used to map recent movements of infected people, pinpointing the mosquito subpopulation from which they acquired the infection and others to which they may have transmitted it.
Mapping all their recent movements and comparing pathogen genotypes isolated from them and from mosquitoes may allow us to pinpoint the mosquito population from which they acquired the infection and others to which they may have transmitted it.
However, humans with asymptomatic pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection may have transmitted it to the mink.
Recently, transmission of a monkey adenovirus from captive titi monkeys to a researcher was reported at the California National Primate Research Center (Davis, CA, USA); the researcher may, in turn, have transmitted it to a family member (8 ).
If one process p that belongs to the tree fails, another process assumes the responsibility of retransmitting the messages that p should have transmitted if it were correct.
Later, each user locally updates its current access probability based on whether it has transmitted in the previous time slot or not.
