Subjects with early SH already had reduced cognitive function in childhood (overall relative score −0.7 SD) (Table 1).
The patients in the present sample had reduced cognitive function, reduced verbal capacity, changes in pain experience due to dementia and received medication that could influence their behaviour (e.g. antipsychotics and antidepressants).
Studies have revealed that men receiving ADT have reduced cognitive function and self-esteem, and increased depression and anxiety secondary to the therapeutically-induced reduction of testosterone level [ 5- 12].
Secondly, at T2 several of the participants (41.2%) had reduced cognitive functioning (MMSE ≤ 24).
Patients randomized to discontinue diet at 6 years of age were found to have reduced cognitive functioning when compared with those who had remained on diet, reinforcing the association between high Phe concentrations and impaired cognitive function.
Previous studies have found reduced cognitive function with reduced neuronal activation following sleep loss in the PFC [ 9] and indicated that sleep loss induces alteration in synaptic plasticity and membrane excitability in the cortex [ 10], which might be modulated by dopaminergic system.
After multivariate adjustment, individuals with 'mildly reduced' cognitive function at baseline had a 5-year risk of sustaining a major stroke which was 34%% greater than that of individuals who had a higher level of cognitive ability; people with 'severe cognitive dysfunction' had a 71%% greater risk [ 35].
In infants and young children, specifically, ID has been associated with poorer physical and mental development, and reduced cognitive function [ 1, 13, 17- 20].
It has been reported that ad libitum fed, sedentary mice exhibit reduced cognitive function and commonly present with similar pathophysiology to those of morbidly obese humans [ 18, 19].
The main symptoms are memory loss and reduced cognitive function.
Adverse outcomes include higher morbidity and mortality, impaired immune function and reduced cognitive function.
