"They're having effects on areas that don't overlap," she said.
That seems clear now, but how long have land-use changes been having effects?
Somehow, he explained, lightning discharges in the lower atmosphere are having effects in the upper atmosphere.
They said that the administration's embrace of voluntary measures and some mandatory steps, like requiring renewable fuels to be mixed with gasoline, was having effects that would be lasting.
Because it covers a huge and economically significant area, the Southwestern drought is having effects across the United States and even internationally, particularly in the food and agriculture sectors.
The report from the UN's intergovernmental panel on climate change concluded that climate change was already having effects in real time – melting sea ice and thawing permafrost in the Arctic, killing off coral reefs in the oceans, and leading to heat waves, heavy rains and mega-disasters.
Factors having effects on both production and profitability that Christensen does not mention are that, between 1986 and 1987, twenty-two thousatd workers at U.S. Steel did not go to work, as part of a labor action, and that U.S. Steel's workers are unionized and have been for generations, while minimill manufacturers, with their newer workforces, are generally non-union.
For example, we have just imposed the toughest ever sanctions on Iran, which are having effects.
The global economic slowdown is having effects all the way up the electronics food chain.
Policies for mitigation of the environment impact are having effects on both the supply and demand.
Changes in the Arctic may also be having effects at lower latitudes, a link that IARC researchers will probe.
