They, too, have had undertakings given and withdrawn – nothing in writing, "just between us", all deniable.
"What, if anything, have these undertakings achieved?" he wrote.
But there are suspicions that he may already have given undertakings to France and Germany to secure their support.
This may be true, but the J.P. Morgan figures reflect only credit that has been drawn: many banks have given undertakings to lend even more.
We have heard undertakings from management but I'm not sure we can have a great deal of confidence in them".
As a result of the CMA's intervention, four of the main websites – Seatwave, Viagogo, StubHub and Get Me In – have given undertakings that they will improve the information they provide.
"Pfizer are said to have given undertakings to the UK Government as they increase the money they are offering the AstraZeneca shareholders," said Allan Black, GMB national officer for the chemicals industry.
Another doctor had "accepted undertakings" from the GMC, while another had also agreed undertakings and been issued with advice.
He had signed undertakings not to use inflammatory language.
The government has given undertakings that it will give at least 72 hours' notice before removing any of the asylum seekers involved in the case from Australia.
