The first-generation (nicardipine) agents have proven efficacy against hypertension.
Some plants have proven efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus, of which Costus afer is one.
Calcium phosphates (CaPs) biomaterials including biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics have proven efficacy in numerous clinical indications.
Psychological interventions informed by cognitive behavioural theory have proven efficacy in treating mild-moderate anxiety and depression.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) have proven efficacy as cognitive enhancers based on their positive effects in numerous preclinical studies.
Treatment options include medications, behavioral modification, and psychotherapies, but some are impractical and none have proven efficacy with this population.
Few antiepileptic drugs have proven efficacy in dogs and undesirable adverse effects and pharmacoresistance are not uncommon.
Cefoxitin and temocillin have proven efficacy in murine models of urinary sepsis [50, 51], yet clinical data are still pending [52].
They are first-line therapy for cases of idiopathic orbital inflammation, where they have proven efficacy in reducing perivascular inflammation and improving cranial nerve dysfunction [10].
Irinotecan, a topisomerase I inhibitor, and oxaliplatin, a new platinum compound, have proven efficacy in advanced colorectal cancer resistant to 5-fluorouracil.
While stimulant medications have proven efficacy in reducing ADHD symptomatology, there is limited knowledge as to their effects on driving impairment.
