Studying OBPs, Vieira et al. (2007) found that, as predicted, specialists (represented by D. sechellia and D. erecta) typically have lower functional constraints (as measured by ω values).
It has also been suggested that internal residues are more important for maintaining the folding of a protein (Creighton and Darby 1989; Alvarez-Valin et al. 2000) and that external regions have lower structural constraints, again suggesting that external regions should be more susceptible to positive selection and are more robust to both synonymous and nonsynonymous polymorphism.
Materials with a high degree of structural freedom, or fewer structural constraints, have lower recrystallization temperatures from lower energetic barriers for atomic rearrangement.
Conversely, it is plausible for physicians to have lower rates given time constraints in clinical practice.
By inspecting the feature information of the contigs produced by SUTTA and Velvet, it is seen that SUTTA's contigs have lower number of unsatisfied mate-pair constraints, which leads to fewer large mis-assembly errors.
Further, poorer households (with lower income) should have lower demand for all goods in general, including nutrition service due to income constraint.
Imposition of volume constraint, for the cases studied, is found to result in airfoils that have lower aerodynamic performance.
Poorer or less educated individuals are generally thought to have lower health status, face greater barriers to accessing health services, and be subject to tighter income constraints.
Physiological constraints on dive duration tend to be less critical for ectotherms than for endotherms because the former have lower mass-specific metabolic rates.
This external localization most likely stems from surface residues having lower structural constraints than their buried counterparts (e.g. [ 50, 51]).
