Exact(1)
They provide a satisfactory match to natural sunlight; although 'unfiltered' metal halide lights have irradiance peaks between 800 and 1000 nm representing an additional 5% of measured energy output as compared to terrestrial solar irradiance over the same range.
Similar(59)
Conventional phototherapy (CPT) should have an irradiance of at least 8-10 μW/cm/nm and intensive phototherapy should have an irradiance of ≥30 μW/cm/nm (from either a single or multiple phototherapy units).
Modules at tilt angles 23° and 33° also have some irradiance losses but do not come close to the module at 0° tilt angle.
Coral reef environments are characterized by clear waters and intense solar radiation, resulting in high spectral complexity as different habitats within reef environments have distinct irradiance spectra (McFarland and Munz, 1975; Barry and Hawryshyn, 1999; Marshall et al., 2003a; Marshall et al., 2003b).
The NE-facing slope had higher irradiance and air saturation deficits and lower soil water availability and wind speed than the SW-facing slope.
The optical simulation output of different concentrators illustrated the linear Fresnel reflector had uniform irradiance on the photovoltaic panel with standard deviation less than 30% of total income radiation.
The 'Deep Slope' (∼27 m) on the other hand, has low irradiance levels compared to the shallow habitats and during summer, experiences slightly lower average temperatures (monthly average during February 2008 was ∼1°C lower) due to influxes of deep, sub-thermocline water (Bongaerts et al. unpublished data).
All light pulses lasted 10 ms and had an irradiance of 50 mW/mm (∼2.5 mW from a 250 micron fiber optic cable).
They have, with solar irradiance, large effects on the temperature and density of the buoyant gas.
Measurements of solar irradiance have revealed variations at all the sampled time scales (ranging from minutes to the length of the solar cycle).
Direct normal irradiance have been estimated for a site in Rajasthan from satellite information for the period 2003 to 2011, and ground measurements during 2011 have been used to analyze the uncertainties and to develop a simple correction method.
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