Our experimental analyses demonstrate that the potent CpG DNA in the M. bovis genome has functional effects as a Th1-responsive adjuvant, and that it activates the transcription factor NF-κB.
Recent studies, however, have suggested that sSNPs can have functional effects, such as decreased mRNA stability and translation [ 21, 22].
Increased IGFBP3 expression (which was stable across the 24 hrs) was shown to have functional effects on sleep, as hIGFBP3 transgenic mice slept significantly more prior to light onset.
Obviously, these PAD4 SNPs have functional effects in vivo.
As to Dnmt2, one possibility is that Dnmt2 doesn't have functional effect to the embryo development, or our RNAi didn't work.
Furthermore, miR-940 functions by targeting Nestin, and consistently, depletion of Nestin has similar functional effects as miR-940 overexpression.
The γ3R225W mutation has significant functional effects as demonstrated by increases in basal and AMP-activated AMPK activities, increased muscle glycogen and decreased IMTG.
Therefore, if the Hh pathway were not active in the cell, the C2 transgene would have no functional effect as there would be no GliA with which it could compete for Gli-binding sites, and all endogenous Gli protein would also be in repressor form.
Absence of catalase in a cell would have a similar functional effect as expression of defective catalase.
This arginine directly interacts with p16, and mutations affecting this codon have the same functional effect as a p16 mutation (Zuo et al, 1996; Soufir et al, 1998; Molven et al, 2005).
