Finally, the pores in these membranes have conical constrictions at both membrane faces.
They are initially bright green, maturing to dark brown and have slight constrictions between the seeds, which are arranged in a line in the pod.
Interestingly, Tippett et al. [5] have noted constrictions at sites where the intracellular mycelium passes from one cell into another which is similar to the observations made for Poakatesthia [11].
The tail may have a constriction at its base to allow it to be easily detached.
On the other hand, the moss and fungi XIPs have ar/R constriction that are more hydrophilic and similar to rice and maize TIPs.
The device used in this study had two constrictions in series, C1 and C2, of similar width (W = 6 μm) and with heights of H 1 = 12 μm and H 2 = 9 μm, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S1d, e).
There are other nemertean species described with similar constrictions (notably Arenonemertes minutus, Friedrich 1949; Nemertellina yamaokai, Kajihara et al. 2000), but neither species have these repeated constrictions observed in Annulonemertes.
Slowly but surely those constrictions have been overturned.
For the dimensions chosen here for illustration (Figure 1), the narrow constrictions have a propagation threshold of approximately 56 meV.
