A significant number of these efforts have been informatics-based approaches that try to leverage genomic information such as expression alterations, mutations in genomes, copy number changes and epigenetic modifications to elucidate the mechanistic basis of cancer [ 3].
Funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), many local platforms in the biomedical informatics space have been established to support data sharing, including informatics for integrating biology and the bedside (i2b2) [ 42], cancer biomedical informatics grid (caBIG) [ 43], and biomedical informatics research network (BIRN) [ 44].
Researchers at computer sciences and informatics have been involved in developing the computer code that allows even tiny facial movements to be studied.
It is not likely that a single gene will be able to function as a retrospective biomarker for biodosimetry; however, computational informatics have been used to construct a 74 multi-genetic signature that can be used to distinguish between four different absorbed doses (0.5, 2, 5, and 8 Gy using Cs-137 as a gamma source), an approach which this present study supports [35].
Developments in informatics have been crucial for the successful application of genomics to infectious disease research [ 11].
In developed countries, medical informatics have been taught over the last 20 25 years, and their successes and setbacks have been well-documented, providing good models for future course development [ 5- 11].
In developed countries, biomedical and public health informatics have been taught over the last 20-25 years, with well documented successes and setbacks, providing good models for future course development and training [ 2].
Tumour banking and its associated inventory informatics have been recognised for over a decade (Naber et al, 1992; Naber, 1996) as needed tools to advance the science of molecular testing; however, it has only been in the last 2 3 years that the linkage to clinical outcomes has been seen as crucial to achieving this goal (Naber et al, 1992).
Some training experiences in health informatics have been described from Latin-America, Africa, and Asia [ 16- 21], including on-line training [ 20], on-site and online education [ 22], and even formal training in some academic curricula [ 23], but much more is needed.
Because the aGEM Platform is primarily designed to store spatial and temporal gene-expression information for the mouse, the Mouse Genome Informatics Identifiers (MGI) established by the Mouse Genome Informatics Resource have been taken as the standard.
Recently, medical informatics applications have been developed to store and display patient information and assist clinical decision making.
