Some of the adults, used to generate embryos in this experiment, may have been hatchery-raised individuals released into the streams in previous years.
Full disclosure: Before this newspaper's conflict-of-interest rules required me to resign, I served on an Enron advisory board that turns out to have been a hatchery for future Bush administration officials.
Two main approaches have been suggested: hatchery populations should be either genetically integrated with, or segregated from, natural populations (e.g. Mobrand et al. 2005) by promoting or restricting gene flow.
Salmon enhancement programs in the US and Canada have been releasing hatchery-reared salmon during the last half-century to increase population sizes.
However, in systems where all hatchery fish are marked prior to release, it is possible to distinguish between fish that have been propagated by hatchery production from those that have lived their entire lives in nature and have arisen from parents which mated in the wild.
Successful sperm cryopreservation techniques for yellow catfish have been developed for hatchery purpose.
We suggest that estimating the RRS among wild-born fish that may have been descended from hatchery or wild-origin fish might be one of the most tractable applications of the pedigree reconstruction approach in the Burrishoole system.
Our temporal analysis of steelhead trout from five rivers in southwestern British Columbia that have been subject to hatchery supplementation using native broodstock found no evidence of genetic changes associated with the onset and continuation of supplementation, neither within individual populations nor in the relationships among them, as measured using microsatellite DNA variation.
Huge variation in survival and a high incidence of deformities have been reported in hatchery-reared cod juveniles.
The major lakes and reservoirs in ASEAN countries, for example, have been stocked with hatchery-produced fingerlings of a wide variety of species including tilapia, various Chinese and Indian carps, milkfish, mullet and catfish.
