Moreover, as the help sent so far has been covert, it has necessarily been limited in quantity.
One of the biggest challenges Russia's actions have posed is that Nato is designed for conventional warfare but much of the action in Ukraine has been covert and deniable.
"The general tenor of the Perry advertising has been covert appeals to race," said Bruce Buchanan, a University of Texas government professor, echoing sentiments expressed by many Hispanic political leaders who criticized the Perry ads as playing on stereotypes of Mexican-Americans as drug dealers.
Another would have been a covert infusion of money to Northern Rock, but legal advisers concluded that the European Union's market abuse directive, aimed at keeping shareholders apprised of important information, apparently prevented that.
According to one former American intelligence official, Ismail Khan, the Northern Alliance leader whose troops reclaimed the western city of Herat, is known to have been a covert asset of Iran's two intelligence services, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and the Ministry of Intelligence and Security.
There have been some covert operations in that area that we have been carrying on - blowing up some bridges and things of that kind, roads, and so forth.
With the aim of understanding the changes in cellular physiology in response to knockout mutations in the PEP PYR OAA node, different strains lacking the pykA, pykF, or ppc genes have been generated (Covert and Palsson, 2002; Emmerling et al., 2002; Meza et al., 2012; Siddiquee et al., 2004a,b).
In Somalia, the BIJ estimates up to 57 civilians have been killed in covert US strikes.
"You look at some of the individuals who are involved, you find that they have been involved in covert activities for years," said Ms. Schakowsky.
