Sentence examples for have been ascertained using from inspiring English sources
The presence and nature of weak bonds in the molecules and transition states formed during the reaction process have been ascertained using Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIMs).
Further, the diagnoses of preeclampsia and other hypertensive pregnancy disorders typically have been ascertained using codes from administrative data sources or self-reported events, rather than using accepted diagnostic criteria [ 58, 61- 68] 68].
This could not have been ascertained using either surveys or ecological methods, and hints at organizational difficulties around cities. The Census also complements the screening data for factors such as ethnicity that are not well captured by the NHS.
The zygosities of the adult and child twins had been ascertained using minisatellite typing with 5 minisatellite probes, and HLA typing performed using Southern blot hybridisation with radiolabelled HLA-DRB and HLA-DQB probes, as described in previous studies on the samples [13], [27].
In past studies, the population structure of the 281 lines from the Cornell association mapping panel has been ascertained using SSR and SNP markers [16], [31], and determined to consist of four clusters referred to as stiff-stalk (SS), non-stiff-stalk (NSS), tropical and subtropical (TS) and "mixed" subpopulations.
More recently, in rice, distinguishable differences between the tapetum and male gametophyte transcriptomes have been ascertained by using laser micro-dissected cells of specific tissue types [ 16, 17].
Test samples, the origin of which had previously been ascertained using conventional techniques, were then analysed to determine the accuracy of their method.
Sunflower genome composition has already been ascertained using other methods, i.e. biochemical analyses [ 40], sequencing and analysis of a small insert library [ 20], whole genome 454 sequencing [ 21].
The optimal experimental conditions and their effects have been ascertained by response surface methodology using the Box Behnken model.
Cell survival has been ascertained by using the WST-1 assay and by evaluating the activation of the PI3 kinase/NFκB survival axis.
