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No EQ-5D literature exists for comparison and few studies formally assessing HRQoL have a comparator arm where no chemotherapy was used.
Uncertainty remains however as this was a relatively small study and it did not have a comparator arm with trastuzumab given for a year.
I imagine some of it might work for trial interventions where you have a clear comparator - e.g. differentiate the intervention from usual practice (our 'intervention' is the work now and we do not really have a comparator as such).
One observational study [ 18] employed a progressive titration of biphasic insulin aspart (NovoLog® Mix 70/30; Novo Nordisk, Princeton, NJ, USA) from one up to three injections (adding one injection every 16 weeks) in patients with T2D failing OAMs with or without basal insulin, but this study did not have a comparator.
Similar(56)
Finally the study also did not have a comparable comparator group which limits the generalizability of our findings.
All of the studies had a comparator arm reflecting standard of care parenteral anticoagulant administered along with a VKA.
However, although 74% of identified FFP studies had a comparator group, many involved different doses or formulations of FFP rather than a non FFP arm.
Clinical studies of CT screening have been published but, to date, none has had a comparator group, nor have mortality improvements as a direct consequence of screening been demonstrated.
Because this review includes trials that did not have a placebo comparator, information on adverse events was available from many more patients.
The proportion of patients with bacteraemia (∼25%) is similar to the other studies in this review, but their broad definition of adverse medical outcomes, as found in ∼50% of cases, does not have a direct comparator among the Western European/North American studies reviewed, therefore no accurate conclusion can be reached.
Glycaemic variability was probably increased by insulin treatment, although we did not have an untreated comparator group to confirm this.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com