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Figure 8 gives the dynamics response of the heavy haul train.
Meanwhile, the large mass and fast speed of a travelling heavy haul train suggest that enormous energy can be possessed.
The newly proposed heavy haul train configuration was simulated; the train control information was plotted in Fig. 7c.
Zhang et al. [2, 3, 4] discussed safety and comfort indexes under idling, traction, and braking conditions for a long and heavy haul train.
A heavy haul train can have hundreds of heavy loaded wagons and can stretch for miles; therefore, the longitudinal dynamics (LTD) issue is inevitable.
Whole trip simulations are necessary for heavy haul train operations not only for the longitudinal dynamics concerns but also for the energy issue.
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Before 2013, heavy haul trains on this railway were limited to 5,000 t of gross mass.
Heavy haul trains have wide applications all over the world due to their advantages in hauling capability and energy efficiency.
With the rapid development of heavy haul railways, an increase in wagon number of heavy haul trains has been an important way to improve transportation capacity.
Whole trip longitudinal dynamics and energy analysis of heavy haul trains are required by operators and manufacturers to enable optimisation of train controls and rolling stock components.
Trains on the Datong Qinhuangdao railway are typical of many heavy haul trains, being empty on the return journey after dumping the cargo at the port.
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