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Among the many ways in which land snails minimize losses from drying is the adoption of ovoviviparity, or the hatching of eggs within the parent's body.
A prominent egg-laying defect is the bag of worms (BOW) phenotype which is characterized by intracorporal hatching of eggs in the parent animal.
Additional sources of reinfestation include recrudescence (hatching of eggs laid prior to spraying) [10], [11], survivors of the insecticide treatment [2], [12] and migrants from peri-domestic structures where spraying is likely not as effective.
However, additional studies demonstrated that the dissemination of S. enterica throughout the different tissues of the mutants was due to the internal hatching of eggs, which disrupts tissues causing matricide, rather than to specific deficiencies in responses that prevent S. enterica invasion such as those mediated by TOL-1 [18].
Indeed, the most dramatic finding in this study is the extremely low hatching of eggs derived from G6PD-knockdown C. elegans.
Consistently, the low hatching of eggs from G6PD-knockdown C. elegans provides strong evidence to the notion that G6PD is indispensable for embryonic survival in C. elegans.
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The only exceptions were the % egg hatching of egg masses laid by F1 and F2 females, which were significantly higher in the control group.
Coggins (Coggins, 1973) irradiated male S. gregaria with 4 Gray and found that the hatching success of eggs from matings with irradiated males was only 17.9% whereas the hatching success from eggs resulting from matings with regular males was 67.5%.
To determine the hatching order of eggs and nestlings, we visited nests typically twice daily once the predicted time of hatching approached.
For honeybees, humidity is particularly important for the brood because it affects the hatching success of eggs and because, unlike ants, honeybees cannot relocate their brood to parts of the nest with more favourable humidity.
Frequently, hatching order of eggs was obvious based on which egg had been replaced by a new hatchling.
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