This was however not the case with the other mollusk Crepidula fornicata, which seems to have undergone a reduction in intron number or intron size.
A possible scenario would involve the Australian C. gattii VGII population having undergone a reduction of its population size resulting in a historic founder effect (colonization of a new habitat by few individuals, in this case yeast cells or spores).
Kainuu Grey, Åland, Oparino, Olkuska and Vlashko Vitoroga-Pramenka sheep have undergone a reduction in population size during the last 10 years and are rare or endangered breeds.
We retrospectively identified 15 consecutive healthy women who had undergone a reduction mammoplasty performed by one of us (SD) at the University of Southern California medical facilities.
Conversely, the otherwise highly amplified group III plasmids have undergone a reduction in the B. garinii PBi genome, whereas some other group specific plasmids were amplified (groups IV and VI).
We therefore propose that the genomes of X. poinarii strains have undergone a reduction with respect to those of other Xenorhabdus genomes, through the excision of genomic blocks from the flexible genome.
In contrast, tlc1Δ pif1Δ and tlc1Δ pif1Δ exo1Δ mutants at passage 15 had shorter telomeres than at passage 1 and had undergone a reduction in Y′ elements, but did not appear to have generated type I or type II survivor telomere structures (compare lanes 7 8 with 19 20 and lanes 11 12 with 23 24, Figure 5D).
The New World populations have undergone a reduction in genetic diversity, with South and North America today sharing only 18 of the 90 or so chromosomal arrangements present in ancestral Europe, yet parallel clinal patterns have evolved within a few generations on all three continents (Prevosti et al. 1988; Balanyà et al. 2003).
However, the terminal fragments of tlc1Δ pif1Δ and tlc1Δ pif1Δ exo1Δ were even shorter than those of type I survivors and they had undergone a reduction, not an amplification in Y′ elements, clearly distinguishing them from typical type I survivors (compares lanes 19 20, 23 24 with lanes 21 22, Figure 5D).
Bauchot & Stephan [ 22] noted the evolution of reduced brain size in the dwarf Old World monkey Miopithecus talapoin and Martin [ 23] suggested relative brain size in great apes may have undergone a reduction based on the cranial capacity of the extinct hominoid Proconsul africanus.
Annual rainfall values from northern Laikipia, Kenya, indicate that this region has undergone a progressive reduction in rainfall values over time (Figure 7).
