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Among outsiders, the area has typically been viewed as simply the northern fringe of Clinton Hill and Fort Greene.
Suicide has typically been viewed as a problem of teenagers and the elderly, and the surge in suicide rates among middle-aged Americans is surprising.
Although absorption cooling has been available for many years, the technology has typically been viewed as a poorly performing alternative to vapour compression refrigeration.
Thus, motivation has typically been viewed as an individual cognitive process where incentives influence or appeal to internal (e.g. values) and environmental (e.g. individual attitudes to contextual factors) components [ 12, 16, 20] with retention and performance occurring as a behavioural consequence of the level of motivation and job satisfaction (i.e. absence of dissatisfaction) [ 9- 11].
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General obligation bonds are tied to the creditworthiness of a municipal government and have typically been viewed as safe.
To date, constitutional rights in education have typically been viewed as promises of equitable school funding.
Moscow's grumblings about the Treaty have typically been viewed as not-so-veiled threats deployed to gain leverage against the United States and NATO in ongoing and future negotiations and reflections of lingering resentment for previous unilateral actions like America's unilateral withdrawal from the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty in 2002 under the Bush administration.
Lignin and other phenolic plant metabolites have typically been viewed as a waste stream in a biorefineries, which instead focus on polysaccharides as feedstock inputs [ 44].
Type I interferons principally orchestrate anti-viral responses but have typically been viewed as anti-inflammatory in the CNS: they limit leukocyte infiltration to the brain (Prinz et al., 2008) and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, IL-12 and TNF-α (Makar et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009).
What has not been clear, however, is that autosomal data, which have not typically been viewed as the most informative loci for studies of sex-specific processes, can carry information about sex-biased admixture, even in the absence of a comparison with other components of the genome.
Note that in these studies, the microcalcification shape has typically been assessed using two 2D mammographic views.
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