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For years, Germany's fertility rate has trended below the rate needed to keep the population stable.
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We have trend, people.
How has that trended?
"1999 had below trend line operating fundamentals due to state settlements and weak international markets, and these have normalized," he says.
How has the trend grown?
During that stretch total spending across the euro area has fallen dramatically below trend.
I suspect the debate will unfold in a fairly unsatisfying manner, with some suggesting that the economies that have done most poorly amid austerity are those where nominal output growth has fallen most below trend, indicating that central banks have failed, while the other side will question how a central bank can hope to maintain steady nominal output growth when austerity is crushing demand.
In the first half of 2009, the trend in sales has been below a 10 million annual pace.
But with the last few telephone polls, this proportion has dipped below 55%, a trend confirmed in Monday's Guardian survey.
By definition the market has to go below the trend and stay there long enough to balance its activity above.
Indeed, China's money growth rate has fallen well below its trend rate since mid-2012.
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