Gait analysis of healthy elderly people has revealed decreased stride length, reduced step force and increased variability in gait parameters.
Investigation of several hormone receptors has revealed decreased expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα, ESR1), progesterone (P4) receptor (PGR), prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) associated with neoplastic differentiation of mammary tissues.
Besides, many studies have revealed decreased autophagic activity in animal and cell models of ageing39,40, which appears to correspond to lipofuscin accumulation.
Indeed, HEC studies in the prior PANKO model have revealed decreased gluconeogenic output (Robert-Cooperman et al., 2010).
H-spectroscopic MRI studies have revealed decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine in the anterior vermis and cortex, pointing to altered neuronal integrity [ 12, 17].
Post-mortem brain studies have revealed decreased levels of PUFA, especially docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, in the frontal lobes of schizophrenia patients.
26 Structural MRI studies in breast cancer patients treated with systemic chemotherapy have revealed decreased regional volumes of gray and WM structures, including prefrontal and parahippocampal regions.
Past studies [ 62] have revealed decreased low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene expression in peripheral blood cells of AAA patients and an association between decreased expression of LRP5 and increased lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels in AAA patients.
Studies have revealed decreases in TLR2 and TLR4 expression levels41, and general dysregulation of TLR expression on a variety of immune cells in patients with detectable CTCs versus that observed in those without CTCs, indicating a more widespread response to the presence of malignant cells in the peripheral blood44.
Current measurements of surface ocean pH have revealed decreases that are in accordance with modeled predictions of a pH decline of at least 0.3 units corresponding to atmospheric p CO2 of 650-970 ppm by the year 2100 [ 1– 6].
