The present study of WTP using a survey protocol has provided valid results, such that WTP survey for the major public interest issues could be used as an alternative decision making mechanism in addition to the prevalent elite policy making.
Our indicator of social class is derived from pupils' reports of parental occupation and not from parents directly, nevertheless this method has provided valid data and social class derived from pupils as young as age 11 is highly correlated with that derived from parental self-report (West et al., 2001).
Since the start of the survey, more than 1 million visitors to the website have provided valid information about their weekly, monthly, or annual wages.
To satisfy the inclusion criteria, a new and histologically confirmed CRC diagnosis during the previous three months is required, the patient must be resident in Germany and he or she must have provided valid consent to participate in the study.
Although in general, the AHS cohort has been found to have provided valid (Hoppin et al. 2002) and reliable (Blair et al. 2002) estimates of exposure, inaccurate recall is undoubtedly a limitation and would introduce random exposure misclassification, which would attenuate the RR (Greenland 1980).
In order to base all analyses of change on the same data, we included only those patients in the analyses who had provided valid data on the pre- and post-status scores in addition to providing either a retrospective pre score or a score for direct measurement of change for each of the three subscales (IRES sleep subscale, SF-36 physical functioning scale, SCL-90-R somatisation scale).
A multi-causal model which includes a higher prevalence of risk factors has provided a valid explanation.
Importantly, the grouping at subtype level employed here has provided a valid null model against which deviations can be identified, thus laying the foundation for potential further analyses investigating virus- or host-specific attributes which may contribute to these deviations, which we acknowledge in the fifth paragraph of the Discussion.
The discovery of genetic variants that are significantly associated with Q-PCR-determined TL has provided proof that this is a valid and sensitive measurement tool (Codd et al. 2010; Pooley et al. 2013; Bojesen et al. 2013).
Many uncertainties are involved in their measurements, leading to questions about their accuracy, although several studies have provided some valid data and their actual impacts may be calculated in a number of ways (Pawelzik et al. 2013; Tattari et al. 2015).
22 This might have provided more valid information about the necessity of being admitted as an emergency case.
