Sentence examples for has previously been utilised from inspiring English sources

The health belief model has previously been utilised as a framework for understanding help-seeking behaviour in the general population for mental health problems [ 25].

Route B has previously been utilised for the preparation of the amine-containing analogue 16, 15 therefore, this route was chosen in preference to route A (Scheme 1).

While β-galactosidase has previously been utilised in Synechocystis PCC6803 as a reporter gene [ 19, 20], in this case it was expressed under the control of a very strong constitutive promoter, Ptrc and as such the expression of β-galactosidase under the control of this promoter was found to be adverse.

Saliva cortisol is a reliable and valid proxy of free plasma cortisol levels [ 55, 56], sensitive to changes in HPA axis activation due to stressors [ 55] such as experimentally induced pain [ 57], and has previously been utilised in numerous studies with children and adolescents [ 58– 60].

Furthermore, the construction of a ratio of gene expression that incorporates the prototypical proinflammatory cytokine, TNFα, and the archetypal anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, permits the concurrent assessment of both major facets of the immune response and has previously been utilised to predict postoperative outcome [ 17].

i-Motif DNA structures have previously been utilised for many different nanotechnological applications, but all have used changes in pH to fold the DNA.

For the examination of localized phenomena induced by bleedings, injections of blood in dogs and rats have previously been utilised [ 7, 24].

Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) has not previously been utilised to examine sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

In addition, the cresty neck score has not previously been utilised across different seasons within a UK leisure population, it is not know whether nuchal crest adiposity shows the same seasonal trends as general obesity.

The reliability and validity of all the scales used has previously been established, with these scales widely utilised in cancer research.

A more detailed explanation of how the Baseline Survey (BS) component was utilised in conjunction with the message library has previously been published [ 24].