This complex pathway enables the VEGFs to have numerous effects, including increasing vascular permeability (thereby augmenting tumour stroma formation), endothelial cell proliferation, endothelial cell survival and tube formation.
This has numerous effects on the host including suppression of cytokine production and impairment in macrophage phagocytic capability [4] [6].
This hormone has numerous effects on the brain, including quantitative changes in hippocampal GRs and MRs [37], enhancement of social bonding [27], and altered central adrenergic receptor density [36].
Previous data have shown that ZD1839 has numerous effects on tumour cells including cell cycle arrest, increase in apoptosis and reduction in cell proliferation (Ciardiello et al, 2000; Sirotnak et al, 2000).
Vorinostat has numerous effects on biological processes including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation at the cellular level, as well as angiogenesis inhibition and immune response modulation at the tissue level [ 61].
Leptin, in the hypothalamus, regulates food uptake and in addition has numerous effects on peripheral cells and organs including the regulation of immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, adipocytes, and muscle and liver insulin sensitivity [ 1].
These toxins have numerous effects on phagocytes, including impairment of maturation, impairment of chemotaxis of different phagocytes, and inhibition of phagocyte function (11 ).
ROS, such as superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (HO), have numerous effects on essential biological processes, including normal cell growth, induction and maintenance of the transformed state, programmed cell death, and cellular senescence (7).
Bad weather can have numerous effects on our health, mood, wellbeing and even voting behaviour.
Li has been reported to have numerous effects on gene expression (Toker et al, 2012).
