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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak quote

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak

CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com

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has not been established

Grammar usage guide and real-world examples

USAGE SUMMARY

"has not been established" is correct and usable in written English.
You could use it to describe something that has not been confirmed, verified, or definitely known. For example, "The connection between the two events has not been established, but there may be a correlation."

✓ Grammatically correct

Science

News & Media

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

60 human-written examples

"That has not been established".

News & Media

The New York Times

Democracy has not been established in Russia.

News & Media

The New Yorker

But that motive has not been established.

News & Media

The New York Times

But conclusive proof of this phenomenon has not been established.

A ceremonial link to Africa has not been established.

The precise cause of death has not been established.

News & Media

The Guardian

Its pathophysiology has not been established.

The quantification method for IMZ SPECT has not been established.

The best treatment for microsporidial keratitis has not been established.

Up to now, such a method has not been established.

The incidence of these BAEs has not been established.

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Expert writing Tips

Best practice

Use "has not been established" when discussing scientific findings, legal matters, or any situation where definitive proof is required but absent. For example, "The link between the new drug and the reported side effects "has not been established" conclusively."

Common error

Avoid using "has not been established" when you actually mean something is disproven. The phrase indicates a lack of proof, not the presence of counter-proof. If evidence suggests something is false, use stronger language.

Antonio Rotolo, PhD - Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Antonio Rotolo, PhD

Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Source & Trust

81%

Authority and reliability

4.5/5

Expert rating

Real-world application tested

Linguistic Context

The phrase "has not been established" functions as a qualifier, indicating that a particular fact, relationship, or conclusion lacks sufficient evidence or confirmation. According to Ludwig AI, this phrase is grammatically sound and widely used.

Expression frequency: Very common

Frequent in

Science

54%

News & Media

30%

Wiki

4%

Less common in

Encyclopedias

2%

Formal & Business

2%

Social Media

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, "has not been established" is a grammatically correct and commonly used phrase to indicate a lack of proof or confirmation. It appears frequently in both scientific and journalistic contexts, suggesting a neutral to formal register. Ludwig AI confirms its validity and offers numerous examples demonstrating its use. When writing, consider using alternative phrases like "remains unproven" or "is yet to be confirmed" to vary your language. Remember, use it when evidence is lacking, not when something has been disproven.

FAQs

How can I use "has not been established" in a sentence?

You can use "has not been established" to indicate that something is not yet proven or confirmed. For example, "The long-term effects of this treatment /s/remain+unproven/s/are+yet+to+be+confirmed."

What's a formal alternative to "has not been established"?

In formal contexts, you could use phrases like "/s/remains+unproven", "/s/is+yet+to+be+confirmed", or "/s/lacks+definitive+evidence" instead of "has not been established".

Is it correct to say "hasn't been established"?

Yes, "hasn't been established" is a contraction of "has not been established" and is grammatically correct. It's suitable for informal contexts.

What is the difference between "has not been established" and "has been disproven"?

"Has not been established" means there is a lack of proof, while "has been disproven" indicates that evidence exists to show something is false. They have opposite meanings.

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Source & Trust

81%

Authority and reliability

4.5/5

Expert rating

Real-world application tested

Most frequent sentences: