Assuming a flat pattern of endowments, as already argued, we take a conservative assumption, i.e., changing labor composition due to a longer working period has no direct effect on the overall output per effective unit of labor.
As for Mr. Johnson's day job -- well, night job -- he says the news has no direct effect on his poetry.
DM A The number of properties you own has no direct effect on the potential capital gains tax (CGT) bill.
It has no direct effect on the other state challenges, but it may influence the other judges.
But Prof Woodroffe disagreed: "Vaccination is often dismissed as a management option because it has no direct effect on infected badgers.
By contrast, expectations-based monetary policy has no direct effect on the economy today, so any positives from expectations make it favorable over all.
The dynamic in the dressing room shifted a little more and if that has no direct effect on performance the indirect influence is another matter.
"The verdict has no direct effect on mining plans, but it is one piece of the puzzle to get Sami land rights acknowledged so we can get more influence on mining," Larsson Blind said.
While menopause itself has no direct effect on testosterone production, surgical removal of the ovaries can cause an abrupt drop in this hormone and accompanying sexual desire, especially for women who have not gone through natural menopause.
Particle aggregation has no direct effect on the viscosity of nanofluids.
The magnitude of the external magnetic field has no direct effect on the solitary wave amplitude.
