As urethane has mild effects to individual receptor systems, and coupling between electrophysiologic activity and hemodynamic response is maintained, this anesthetic may also be suitable for other phMRI studies.
H2 also has mild effects without interfering with biological cell signaling, which is different from some conventional antioxidants [ 125, 128].
In diabetic mice and in lupus-prone MRL/ lpr mice, the blockade of CD80 worsens the severity of both diseases, whereas blockade of CD86 prevents diabetes and has mild effects on lupus [ 31, 32].
Therefore, inactivation of translation by nonsense mutations in those genes could have milder effects than changes of the length of polypeptides.
Second, its agonists have milder effects (increased gastrokinesis [18], augmented memory acquisition and retention [19], increased chronotropic and inotropic cardiostimulation [20], and enhanced cortisol release [21]) than other serotonergic drugs.
As expected, these mutations had milder effects than those made to the HLH region of MyoD and the severity of the phenotypes correlated with their proximity to the HLH motif (Figure 4C).
In previous studies, disrupting Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin-1 C2B domain was found to abolish neurotransmitter release [21], [22], whereas disrupting Ca2+ binding to the C2A domain had milder effects [23], [24].
29 Six intraperitoneal injections of etanercept and infliximab had milder effects on swelling than NBQX (∼20% reduction, days 1 7), and no effect on joint pathology at day 21 in rat AIA.
Because specific imprinted genes have been associated with syndromes marked by extreme obesity (for example, Prader-Willi) and diabetes (for example, TNDM), it seems likely that there are numerous other imprinted genes having milder effects on obesity and diabetes.
Transfection of normal rat kidney cells with a kinase-inactive, dominant negative form of Aurora-B caused multiple defects in mitosis [ 34] while an Aurora-B kinase inactivating antibody seemed to have milder effects in Xenopus tissue culture cells [ 35].
