NOD mice have major defects in immunoregulation [17], [32] and APC function [4] [7] that could be involved in the development of diabetes.
The quality of the automated segmentation was visually assessed and ratings of the 3D hippocampi revealed that 162 pairs had no obvious defects, 182 pairs had minor defects, 46 pairs had moderate defects, and 13 pairs had major defects (see Figure 1).
However, GPIHBP1 knockout mice have major defects in the lipolysis of triglyceride lipoproteins and not in HDL metabolism [98].
Rescue is incomplete and variable at E14.5 E15.5, and some embryos still have major defects in liver structure with apoptotic nuclei both in hepatocytes and hematopoietic cells.
Furthermore, Cdo and Boc have specific, selective roles in Shh signaling in mammals, because Cdo;Boc double-mutant mice do not display the most severe HPE phenotype seen in Shh-null mice, nor do they have major defects in digit patterning or development of vertebrae, which are also Shh-dependent processes.
Furthermore, Cdo and Boc have specific, selective roles in Shh signaling in mammals, because Cdo;Boc double-mutant mice do not display the alobar HPE or cyclopia seen in Shh-null mice (Chiang et al., 1996), nor do they have major defects in digit patterning or development of vertebrae, which are also Shh-dependent processes (McMahon et al., 2003).
Caspase-1 knockout animals are born healthy without detectable morphological abnormalities, whereas caspase-3 deficient animals have major birth defects, particularly neurological defects which imply a role for caspase-3 in developmental apoptosis [39], [40].
The defence attorneys argued that Nelson had major brain defects that could explain his behaviour.
He did not have major birth defects, but an abdominal CT scan detected a supernumerary spleen.
