Defoe's talents of impersonation and habits of secrecy have left academics to argue over what he did actually write.
The backup has left performers, students and academics stranded, while wreaking havoc on cultural programs across the country and throwing future plans into doubt.
Some civil-rights groups also argue that by relying too heavily on standardised tests to decide whether a child goes up a grade or not, pupils whose first language is not English are at a disadvantage.Yet the other path, of advancing unqualified students willy-nilly through the academic ranks, has left thousands of American pupils ill-prepared for life beyond the classroom.
The lack of available academic positions has left geoscientists who aspire to faculty jobs in limbo, often stringing together several postdoc positions as they wait for openings, Martinez says.
But Posner was right to say that academic over-specialisation has left too many of America's brightest people afraid to speak their minds, leaving the field to celebrity sound-bite merchants.
In one study of fellowship-trained primary care physicians who had left their academic positions, 71percentt said it was "unlikely" or "very unlikely" that they would ever return to academic medicine.
Herrmann and one co-author have left their academic posts, but the new revelations could place other careers in jeopardy.
By the time Julian Bond was 20 years old, he had helped lead the sit-in movement that began dismantling official segregation in Atlanta and he had left the academic life of Morehouse College to help found the legendary Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee SNCCC).
The decision by Hall, a world expert on Homer, is said to have left fellow academics at Royal Holloway, University of London, demoralised.
He sees himself as having left all that academic stuff behind; I'm not so sure.
