This new method has highly reduced computational cost compared with a conventional high-precision method because the interface normal calculation is completed by solving relatively simple algebraic equations.
It has highly reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir and reduced susceptibility to zanamivir/peramivir, but largely retained sensitivity to non-NAIs (favipiravir, nitazoxanide and ribavirin).
Alternatively, Rhyacotriton, which has highly reduced lungs and a multiyear larval period and can inhabit cold, but shallow, slow moving water (Czopek, 1962; Welsh and Lind, 1996), might have evolved its lung reduction in response to high oxygen availability.
Functional assays with respect to the differentiation potential of hMSC-TERT cells to osteoblastic phenotype in vitro showed that GO-treated stem cells had highly reduced ability to become functional osteoblasts, as determined by ALP activity and MM formation.
However, analyses of newly synthesised allopolyploids reveal that early-generation individuals are often infertile, or have highly reduced fertility, due to problems with meiosis including irregular pairing of homologous chromosomes [31], [32].
Furthermore, as described above, because the vertebrate pathogens have highly reduced genomes, many Chlamydiae genes that are shared uniquely by UWE25 and Plantae (19 genes) may simply be cases of widespread gene loss in other endoparasites, giving the misleading impression of a specific relationship between UWE25 and algae/plants.
Being intra-cellular fungal parasites, microsporidians have highly reduced genomes and have lost many supposedly essential genes.
The chlorophytes Ostreococcus tauri and O. lucimarinus have highly reduced genomes, and encode clade V LHCs that are similar to other proteins from chlorophytes (including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii).
Genome sequencing has indicated that endosymbiotic bacteria have highly reduced metabolic capacities and depend heavily on their hosts to provide them with a diversity of compounds needed for their sustained proliferation (Klein et al., 2012; Moran et al., 2008).
One is an approximately 25-Mb region roughly centered on the centromere of chromosome 3 pericentromeric regions in A. gambiae have highly reduced recombination rates (Pombi et al. 2006; Slotman et al. 2006; Stump et al. 2007).
For example, palmitate and oleate have highly reduced carbon oxidation states (COS values) of −28 and −30, respectively, compared with other fatty acid precursors such as propionate (COS = −1) and valerate (COS = −6) and carbohydrates such as glucose (COS = 0).
