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The question is how it has changed relative to some unchanged-role-of-government baseline.
"Nothing has changed relative to the G.M. board's support for the G.M. management team during this historically difficult economic period for the U.S. auto industry," he said.
The chart below gives a sense of how much defence spending has changed relative to economic performance in the past decade for 116 countries and territories for which data are available.
Obviously we want to deflate the spending, not just look at nominal amounts; and I'd argue that you really want to deflate by nominal potential GDP, so that we get a sense of how spending has changed relative to the amount the economy would be producing at full employment.
We use an exponential regression model to assess how the death rate among PLWH has changed relative to that among HIV-negative people during these same time periods.
Changes in an area's IMD score over time are based on how its level of deprivation has changed relative to other areas.
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"Although the structure of the American economy and behavioral patterns regarding energy costs have changed relative to the past," Mr. Fine said, "the fact remains that rising energy costs have not yet woven their way in the overall price structure, and while the impact today may not be what it once was, it nevertheless should not be dismissed".
We explored the secular trends and outcomes of CDE and how they have changed relative to introduction of ERCP.
Note that two things have changed relative to the naive G-MAC game; the power available for transmission (appearing in the numerator of the argument of the function) is reduced because some senders are rendered incapable of communicating by the jammers, and the noise term (appearing in the denominator) is no longer constant for all coalitions but is augmented by the power of the jammers.
My friends were all in long-term marriages or recently recoupled, and though these friends knew me more for more than 25 years, they didn't seem to understand how my life had changed relative to theirs or the challenges I was facing.
As a person comes to terms with a new position in the world, their biography needs rethinking, and many participants throughout the literature spoke of how they had changed relative to the past (e.g., Banningh, Vernooij-Dassen, Rikkert, & Teunisse, 2008; Davies et al., 2010; Lu & Haase, 2009).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com