Remarkably, studies correlating pRb loss with adherens junction disruption have been largely unnoticed, and while pRb has been best characterized as a cell cycle regulator and its participation in developmental processes is still the subject of intense research, no molecular mechanism has been proposed to account for the correlation between pRb loss and adherens junction abnormalities.
Telomeric silencing has been demonstrated in organisms ranging from yeasts to humans (reviewed in [ 9]) but it has been best characterized in S. cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Drosophila melanogaster, organisms that have no, or very little, DNA methylation.
The magnitude of these differences has been best characterized for Wy-14,643, to which rodents appear to have ≥ 10-fold greater sensitivity for response (Cheung et al. 2004; Maloney and Waxman 1999; Morimura et al. 2006; Mukherjee et al. 1994; Palmer et al. 1998; Yu et al. 2001).
Functions of many RTX toxins have been well studied, among which the alpha-hemolysin from E. coli has been best characterized.
While the involvement of the Rho-A GTPase and downstream ROCK in axon growth inhibition has been best characterized in models of CNS injury, such as spinal cord injury [ 52], work in PN regeneration failure has also focused on this pathway.
The structural biology of this process has been best characterized for the influenza hemagglutinin, and paramyxovirus fusion (F) protein, for which the pre-fusion and membrane fusion pH structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography [4], [11], [12], [39], [40].
Chemoreception in combination with behavioral responses has been best characterized among insects.
The tumor suppressor protein menin has been best characterized as a transcription regulatory factor.
The role of TOR in the regulation of transcription has been best characterized in yeast [12] where the nuclear localization and the activity of several nutrient and stress-responsive transcription factors are regulated by TORC1-dependent phosphorylation [13].
Mammalian Tim has been best characterized for its function in monitoring replication fork stability in S phase, but other functions of Tim can not easily be explained by its intra-S phase functions alone.
Cbl is involved in many signaling events through its function as a multi-domain adaptor protein and has been best characterized as a negative regulator of RTKs, mostly EGFR (reviewed by [24], [25]).
