Since the estimation of parameter values maximizing prediction ability is a computationally heavy task when using differential equations, difference equations have been typically utilized to analyze biological systems [ 4, 5, 17, 18, 20, 21, 46].
MALDI-MSI has been typically applied for drug imaging of low-molecular-weight compounds administered to experimental animals, utilizing the exceptional advantage that no chemical derivatization is required [18].
However, these biosensors have been typically developed utilizing only the cell native sensory elements without additional layers of genetic processing and regulation, and thus can only detect one type of signal rather than a number of signals in a predefined combination.
A vapor compression cycle, which is typically utilized for the heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems, has inherent thermodynamic losses associated with expansion and compression processes.
This was generally expected since human germline framework sequences are typically utilized as donor sequences for the humanization process [ 10], and most germline sequences have very high T20 scores.
