The detection of this SERS-active substrate has achieved monolayer sensitivity, which is useful to detect a small number of biomolecules observed in a cellular compartment [12, 13], such as sensing in immunoassays, DNA, cancer cells, and microbes [4, 14 20].
They include clustering approach, linear discriminant analysis, neural networks, fuzzy and neuro-fuzzy systems, support vector machines (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), naïve Bayes, random forest, etc. Ganster et al. [6] has achieved a sensitivity of 87%% and a specificity of 92 % for a large data set with more than 5300 dermoscopy images.
Similarly, by incorporating an overnight enrichment step, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for the detection of Salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe has achieved 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity and can detect 1 CFU per 10 ml of blood [55].
The Revised Master Search has achieved greater sensitivity (64.7% compared to 59.1%) than the SIGN strategy, and similar specificity (92.0% compared to 92.6%).
For example, it is reported that DNA microarray detection with Ag-deposited Au labels using a typical fluorescent scanner has achieved a sensitivity that is 100 times greater than that of conventional fluorescence-based detection [ 6].
The method has achieved improved sensitivity and accuracy over the RNA z-test method (ie, ranking genes as targets based on normalized expression data, without any additional modelling or processing) and a competitive, alternative network-inference method, MNI [ 14].
Of note, seperate staining of Galectin-3 and CK19 on 2 cytology slides has achieved a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85.2% at the cost of 44% indeterminate staining, if cutoffs of <30% combined staining favor benign and >70% combined staining favor malignant are used 35 (Table 4).
In our experiments, a 77.5 mm-long FBG accelerometer has achieved a similar sensitivity but 65% higher resonant frequency.
The technique has achieved a statistical sensitivity of about 2 s on the storage time what constitutes the most sensitive magnetic trapping technique for ultra-cold neutrons developed so far.
By integrating the prediction results from the six methods, MetaDBSite has achieved 77% sensitivity value and it is much higher than each single method.
