Sentence examples for has a smaller effective from inspiring English sources

Because the mitochondrial genome is haploid and uniparentally inherited in most animals, it has a smaller effective population size than the nuclear genome (Hudson and Turelli 2003).

The mitochondrial genome is typically non-recombining, has a relatively high substitution rate, and has a smaller effective population size than the nuclear genome [ 1].

This result is consistent with more relaxed selection along the D. suzukii lineage, possibly because this species has a smaller effective population size, Ne, than D. biarmipes.

Therefore, both genomes are dispersed through seeds and pollen but the chloroplast genome has a smaller effective population size, which makes it more sensitive to genetic drift and population/species differentiation [ 47].

However, it needs to be cautioned that mtDNA has a smaller effective population size and provides only part of a species' history; thus more robust data from nuclear genes are needed to corroborate this conclusion [ 53, 54].

Evidence suggests that the accumulation of substitutions in recently diverged species typically only applies to mitochondrial DNA [ 32- 34], which is nonrecombining, maternally inherited and thus has a smaller effective population size than genomic DNA.

Consequently, to be equally significant, peptide hits falling in a category that has a large effective database size need to have smaller P-values than those of peptide hits falling in a category that has a small effective database size.

Thus, this method has to be improved because the German Holstein population has a small effective population size which increases the level of relationships and results in a non-zero covariance between sires and dams.

However, the Japanese wild population, which only distributes in Japan and Korea [ 3], has a moderate sequence diversity (2.02 × 10-3), suggesthat that it has a small effective population size compared to Chinese wild silkworm.

These fish were collected from a natural population in Lake Malawi that has a small effective population size, so heterozygosity should be low, but some variation among individuals is expected.

Amanita thiersii is currently undergoing a range expansion in North America (Wolfe, Kuo, et al. 2012), and genetic diversity across its new range is very low, suggesting that the species is experiencing a population bottleneck and has a small effective population size.