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When an aggregation procedure is not strategy-proof, an individual who has a preference over the possible outcomes, can manipulate the result by lying on her true beliefs and thus obtain an outcome closer to her true preferences.
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As mentioned in Section 3, we have a preference over the HL estimator (hat beta ^{text {HL}}) for β, and thus we just analyze the results based on this estimator for simplicity.
That could offer a huge edge in recruiting, as not only does the startup determine if the candidate is a technical and cultural fit, but the student has an opportunity to do a trial run — and if they like it, they might have a preference over a company like a Facebook or Google.
Just as the agent has a preference ordering over, say, possible weather scenarios for the weekend, she has a preference ordering over the possible acts that she may perform, and in neither case is the most preferred state of affairs necessarily the most likely to be true.
Given 2n persons, each has a preference list over the other 2n−1 people.
"The next time you hear of them," says one Hong Kong ship broker, "is when they turn up in the scrap figures 20 years later".The company must prove that it now has a preference for profits over market share.
Each user k has a preference relation defined over the set of outcomes R, which admits a numerical representation u k : R ↦ R +.
Each individual i ∈ N has a preference ordering Ri over these alternatives: a complete and transitive binary relation on X.[4] For any x, y ∈ X, xRiy means that individual i weakly prefers x to y.
Beeli comes to the shocking conclusion that Obama has a "preference of Islam over Christianity," adding that "his fealty toward Islam and multiculturalism far exceed his fealty toward Christianity.
The thermodynamic signatures reveal UP1 has a preference for purines over pyrimidines, where A8458 and G8459 likely form sites of primary contact.
Moreover, PathoLogic has a preference for EC numbers over product descriptions that can further exacerbate false discovery associated with non-specific enzyme classes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com