In this review, recent developments in energy harvesting, transfer and conversion systems inspired by natural photosynthesis have been introduced, focused on strategies to take scientific lessons from nature.
From another perspective, the light energy harvesting, transfer, and conversion to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH has reached a high efficiency even in cyanobacteria [ 31, 32].
Cells were harvested, transferred to foil-wrapped tubes and analyzed immediately by flow cytometry.
Tissue samples were harvested, transferred to a solution of 4% PFA overnight, cryoprotected in 30% sucrose in PBS for 48 hours, frozen using liquid nitrogen cooled isopentane and sectioned to 12 µm using a cryostat (Leica).
Colonies were manually harvested, transferred to MEFs, and expanded according to established protocols [7], [27] Estimates of reprogramming efficiency were obtained by dividing total number of putative iPSC colonies by the input number of transduced cells.
After growth, crystals were harvested, transferred to the reservoir solution with 16% (w/v) glycerol added for cryo-protection.
After 24 h, induced and uninduced (control) cells were harvested, transferred onto coverslips, and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde.
After the given time points (described above) the cells were harvested, transferred to a microfuge tube, followed by two rounds of freeze – thaw circles with liquid nitrogen versus 37°C to ensure complete lysis.
At day 8.5, post-coitum embryos were harvested, transferred to an agarose-coated 24-well plate with supplemented DMEM (0.5% heat inactivated FBS), and cultured under standard conditions (Hang & Chang, 2012).
The PBMCs were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 48 hours; the supernatants were then harvested, transferred to a storage plate, and frozen at -80°C for subsequent analysis.
Moreover, the PSII performance index, P.I., was used as a global parameter integrating all PSII photochemical reactions from light harvesting energy transfer to electron transport.
