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Samples were gathered from 6 pig harvest facilities.
Harvest facilities serve as a source of contact between many swine farms with different health statuses.
Pigs are commonly transported to harvest facilities in vehicles that have not been cleaned and disinfected between loads.
The proportion of contaminated trailers ranged from 2%too 14.6% among the 6 harvest facilities; the facility level median was 5.0%.
The objective of this study was to assess the risks that harvest facilities and transport vehicles engendered in promoting the initial outbreak of a novel disease organism by estimating the incidence of trailer contamination with PEDV during the unloading process at harvest facilities.
These data also suggest that the contamination of transport vehicles leaving the harvest facilities increased as the prevalence of PEDV positive transport vehicles and virus load coming into the facility increased.
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All drivers stepped into the harvest facility at least once, leading to a high rate of contact between drivers, the trailers, and the harvest facility.
These biosecurity measures are simple but require a coordinated effort between producers, transporters, harvest facility owners, and regulators to achieve effective implementation.
Contamination during unloading occurred at a higher rate if harvest facility staff entered the trailer (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.27 13.54) or if unloading occurred immediately after unloading another trailer that was found to be contaminated (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.22 9.18).
This result suggests that the pigs transported to the harvest facility on the 13 trailers may not have been shedding PEDV, but instead, the trailers had been contaminated by previous loads of pigs, so viral quantities in the trailer were low or at the limit of detection.
Recommendations for using value chain analysis in small-scale fisheries management include stricter regulation on size limits of harvest, monitoring schemes, certification processes, post-harvest facilities, seasonal closures, social enterprises, credit facilities, and habitat protection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com